I have been using Ospho, it seems to work better if you don't get in a rush to paint it after use.
Finally, I'm able to help youse guys. For rust, sand/grind the loose particles till nothing flakes off. I use either of two treatments, AXALTA 5717s (formerly duPont 5717s) or Griots Garage Metal Prep #40204 on Amazon. The axalta is costly, use the Metal Prep....it is amazing, watch the metal completely dry and turn gray/black. If I recall you may need to rinse.
See the POR15 website and look for the Rust Preventive kit with paint colors black, silver, gray and clear in various glosses. Very informative website, for instance, let the first coat set up for 1-2 hrs, will be tacky....recoat. They have an epoxy hardener which I added to IH White paint when restoring the clean side my CC 102 mower. And did the dirty side with Metal Prep and gloss black....grass just hoses off.
POR15 is impervious to harsh chemicals including battery acid. In restoring my Elec-Trak (battery powered), in 2000, if not inspected for leaking batteries the tractor becomes a rust bucket....not with POR15....paint once and forget, 22 years later.
Cheers, Jack